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赤く発光しているチップを持った指のクローズアップです。
背広姿の男性二人が横断歩道を渡っています。
雇用
  1. 集団就職
  2. 就職シーズン
  3. 新卒採用の仕組み
  4. 高卒採用の仕組み
  5. 日本の雇用制度
  6. 終身雇用
  7. 年功序列制度
  8. 賞与(ボーナス)制度
  9. 企業別組合
  10. 企業別組合の労使協調
  11. 失業保険
  12. 二分化された女性職:一般職と総合職
  13. 女性雇用者の増加
  14. 女性の多い職種
  15. 退職後の職位と社会保障
  16. 結婚退職・男女別定年
  17. 大企業と中小企業の関係
  18. パートタイムで働く女性たち
  19. 産業部門でみる日本の労働人口
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A group of people bow to one another across a table
Proper bowing is an important manner as a working member of society. Photo from 1988.
Photo from Mainichi Shimbun.
The Japanese Employment System
The four pillars of Japan’s postwar employment system have been lifetime employment, the seniority wage system, the bonus system, and enterprise unions. Although only about one -fourth of the labor force enjoys all of these conditions of employment, those who do are the most privileged part of the labor force. There is the greatest competition for jobs in large corporations that carry these benefits, and smaller companies try to imitate them in order to keep their workers. These employment practices are expensive for companies to maintain, and they reduce employers’ flexibility to respond to changing economic conditions. They are not offered to every worker. The Japanese employment system distinguishes between regular or permanent employees, who are entitled to these privileges, and contract or part-time workers, who do not receive them. Regular and contract or part-time workers may work together in the same company, and even do the same jobs, but their employment conditions may be very different.Large companies are able to offer these privileged working arrangements to regular employees in part by entering into relationships with smaller subcontracting companies whose workers do not enjoy such generous terms of employment.
言葉の説明:  enterprise union  |  contract

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